Tense Formula In Hindi: 12 Tenses Ke Niyam Aur Udaharan Vistar Se

Angrezi Vyakaran ka mool aadhar Tenses hi hain. Yeh article tense formula in hindi par vistar se charcha karta hai, jismein 12 mukhya tenses ki rachna aur unke upyog ke bare mein sarl bhasha mein samjhaya gaya hai. Tenses ko sahi dhang se samajhna prabhaavi sanchaar kaushal ke liye anivarya hai. Jab hum Tense ki sahi sarnshna aur Kriya Ka Roop jaan lete hain, toh hum samay ke vibhinn pehluon jaise Samay Avadhi ko spasht roop se vyakt kar paate hain. Yeh gahan vishleshan vishesh roop se Bharat mein Angrezi seekhne walon ko vyakaran ki buniyad mazboot karne mein madad karega.

Tenses Ka Mahatva Aur Unki Buniyadi Samay Avadhi

Tense, shabd ‘Time’ (samay) se nikalta hai, jo kriya ke us roop ko darshata hai jisse humein pata chalta hai ki koi kaarya kis samay hua, ho raha hai, ya hoga. Tenses angrezi bhasha ki reerh ki haddi hain. Inke bina, hum vaartalaap mein samay ki sahi sthiti ko spasht nahi kar sakte. Ek galat tense ka upyog poore vakya ka arth badal sakta hai.

Tenses Ka Vargikaran

Samay ke aadhar par tenses ko teen mukhya bhaagon mein baanta gaya hai: Vartmaan Kaal (Present), Bhootkaal (Past), aur Bhavishya Kaal (Future). Har mukhya kaal ko phir se char up-bhaagon mein vibhajit kiya gaya hai, is prakar kul 12 tenses ban jaate hain. Yeh vargikaran kaarya ki sthiti (incomplete, complete, ongoing, ya habitual) ko darshata hai. In 12 roopon ki tense formula ko samajhna Angrezi Vyakaran mein maharat haasil karne ki pehli seedhi hai.

Tense Formula In Hindi: 12 Tenses Ki Sarnshna

Har Tense ke vakya ko char mukhya shreniyon mein banaya jaata hai: Sakaratmak (Affirmative), Nakaratmak (Negative), Prashnwachak (Interrogative), aur Nakaratmak Prashnwachak (Negative Interrogative). Neeche di gayi sarnshna tense formula in hindi mein sabse mahatvapurna bhaag hai. Ismein V1, V2, aur V3 kriya ke pehle, doosre aur teesre roop ko darshate hain.

Vartmaan Kaal (Present Tense) Ki Formula Aur Udaharan

Vartmaan kaal un kaaryon ko darshata hai jo abhi ya is samay avadhi mein ho rahe hain.

Simple Present Tense (Present Indefinite Tense)

Yeh tenses aadat, samanya satya, ya nischit karyakram ko vyakt karta hai. Iski formula sabase saral hoti hai. Ismein Sahayak Kriya (Helping Verb) ka upyog kewal Nakaratmak aur Prashnwachak vakyon mein ‘do/does’ ke roop mein hota hai.

Example: She goes to school every day.
(Vah roj school jaati hai.)

Present Continuous Tense (Present Progressive Tense)

Is tense mein kaarya bolne ke samay jaari hota hai. Tense formula mein is, am, ya are ka upyog V1+ing ke saath kiya jaata hai.

Example: I am reading a very interesting book right now.
(Main is samay ek bahut hi dilchasp kitaab padh raha hoon.)

Present Perfect Tense

Jab koi kaarya abhi-abhi poorn hua ho aur uska asar vartmaan mein ho, toh yeh tense upyog hota hai. Sahayak kriya ke roop mein ‘has/have’ aur kriya ka teesra roop (V3) prayog hota hai.

Example: They have finished their dinner.
(Unhone apna raat ka bhojan khatam kar liya hai.)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Iska upyog tab hota hai jab koi kaarya ateet mein shuru hua aur vartmaan mein bhi jaari ho. Tense formula mein ‘has/have + been’ ke saath V1+ing ka istemal hota hai, aur samay darshane ke liye ‘since/for’ ka upyog kiya jaata hai.

Example: He has been waiting for two hours.
(Vah do ghante se intezaar kar raha hai.)

Bhootkaal (Past Tense) Ki Formula Aur Udaharan

Bhootkaal ke tenses un kaaryon ko vyakt karte hain jo ateet mein samapt ho chuke hain. Inki formula mein aksar kriya ka doosra roop ya ‘had’ jaisi sahayak kriyaon ka prayog hota hai.

Simple Past Tense (Past Indefinite Tense)

Yeh ateet mein hue kisi nirdharit kaarya ko darshata hai. Sakaratmak vakyon mein seedhe V2 (kriya ka doosra roop) ka upyog hota hai. Nakaratmak aur Prashnwachak mein ‘did’ + V1 ka upyog hota hai.

Example: We played football yesterday.
(Humne kal football khela.)

Past Continuous Tense (Past Progressive Tense)

Yeh darshata hai ki ateet mein koi kaarya ek nischit samay par jaari tha. Sahayak kriya ke roop mein ‘was/were’ ke saath V1+ing ka upyog hota hai.

Example: They were watching a movie when I called.
(Jab maine call kiya, tab ve film dekh rahe the.)

Past Perfect Tense

Jab ateet mein do kaarya hue hon aur ek kaarya doosre se pehle poorn ho chuka ho, toh iska upyog hota hai. Tense formula mein hamesha ‘had’ + V3 ka upyog hota hai.

Example: She had already left before the taxi arrived.
(Taxi ke aane se pehle hi vah ja chuki thi.)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Yeh tense ateet mein shuru hue aur ateet mein hi ek doosre kaarya ke hone tak jaari rahe kaarya ko vyakt karta hai. Iska gahan vishleshan aage kiya gaya hai.

Example: He had been working for 10 hours before he took a break.
(Break lene se pehle vah 10 ghante se kaam kar raha tha.)

Bhavishya Kaal (Future Tense) Ki Formula Aur Udaharan

Bhavishya kaal un kaaryon ko vyakt karta hai jo aane wale samay mein honge. Mukhya sahayak kriya ‘will’ ya ‘shall’ ka prayog hota hai.

Simple Future Tense (Future Indefinite Tense)

Yeh ek aam kaarya ya bhavishya ki ghatna ko darshata hai. Tense formula mein ‘will/shall’ ke saath V1 ka prayog hota hai.

Example: I will complete this assignment by tomorrow.
(Main yeh assignment kal tak poora kar lunga.)

Future Continuous Tense (Future Progressive Tense)

Yeh darshata hai ki bhavishya mein koi kaarya ek nischit samay par jaari hoga. Sarnshna mein ‘will be’ + V1+ing ka upyog hota hai.

Example: They will be celebrating the festival next week.
(Ve agle hafte tyohar mana rahe honge.)

Future Perfect Tense

Yeh batata hai ki bhavishya mein koi kaarya ek nischit samay-seemana tak poorn ho chuka hoga. Tense formula mein ‘will have’ + V3 ka upyog hota hai.

Example: We will have reached the destination by sunset.
(Hum suryast tak gantrya tak pahunch chuke honge.)

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Yeh tense ateet mein shuru hue aur bhavishya mein ek nirdharit samay bindu tak jaari rehne wale kaarya ko vyakt karta hai. Yeh sabse kam upyog kiye jaane wale tenses mein se ek hai.

Example: By 2025, she will have been living in Mumbai for five years.
(2025 tak, vah Mumbai mein paanch saalon se rah rahi hogi.)

Past Perfect Continuous Tense Ka Vistarit Vishleshan

Past Perfect Continuous Tense, jise Past Perfect Progressive Tense bhi kaha jaata hai, ek kriya ko darshata hai jo ateet mein shuru hui aur ateet mein hi kisi doosre kaarya ya samay bindu tak jaari rahi. Yeh ateet mein do ghataon ke beech samay ki avadhi par zor deta hai.

Is tense ka upyog tab kiya jaata hai jab hum yah batana chahte hain ki ateet mein ek lamba kaarya kisi doosre chhote kaarya se pehle chal raha tha. Yeh darshata hai ki kaarya ki avadhi kitni lambi thi ya vah kab tak chalta raha. Yeh ateet ka kaarya ateet ke doosre kaarya ke liye kaaran ya parinaam bhi ban sakta hai.

Sakaratmak, Nakaratmak Aur Prashnwachak Vakya

Past Perfect Continuous Tense ki buniyadi tense formula ‘Subject + had + been + V1(ing)’ hai. Ismein ‘had’ sahayak kriya ka upyog sabhi subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) ke saath hota hai.

Sakaratmak Vakya (Affirmative Sentences)

Formula: Subject + had + been + V1(ing) + Object + Since/For.
Example: John had been correcting the notebooks for two hours before the teacher arrived.
(Adhyapak ke aane se pehle John do ghante se copyan theek kar raha tha.)

Nakaratmak Vakya (Negative Sentences)

Nakaratmak vakyon mein ‘not’ ka upyog ‘had’ aur ‘been’ ke beech kiya jaata hai.

Formula: Subject + had + not + been + V1(ing) + Object + Since/For.
Example: I had not been reading that novel for one month, so I forgot the plot.
(Main us novel ko ek mahine se nahi padh raha tha, isliye main kahani bhool gaya.)

Prashnwachak Vakya (Interrogative Sentences)

Prashn puchhne ke liye, sahayak kriya ‘had’ ko subject se pehle rakha jaata hai.

Formula: Had + Subject + been + V1(ing) + Object?
Example: Had children been sleeping since 2 o’clock when their mother checked?
(Jab unki maa ne jaancha, kya bachche 2 baje se so rahe the?)

Nakaratmak Prashnwachak Vakya (Negative Interrogative Sentences)

Formula: Had + Subject + not + been + V1(ing) + Object? (Ya Hadn’t + Subject + been + V1(ing) + Object?)
Example: Hadn’t he been taking care of his parents for 10 years before they moved?
(Kya vah unke shift hone se pehle 10 saalon se apne mata-pita ki dekhbhaal nahi kar raha tha?)

Since Aur For Ka Upyog

Past Perfect Continuous Tense mein samay ki avadhi batane ke liye ‘since’ aur ‘for’ ka sahi upyog zaroori hai. Inke upyog se kaarya ki shuruaat aur avadhi ka pata chalta hai.

Since Ka Upyog

‘Since’ ka upyog samay ke nishchit bindu (point of time) ko darshane ke liye kiya jaata hai, jaise: subah se, 2010 se, pichhle Somvar se.

Example: She had been waiting since morning.
(Vah subah se intezaar kar rahi thi.)

For Ka Upyog

‘For’ ka upyog samay ki avadhi (period of time) ko darshane ke liye kiya jaata hai, jaise: do ghante se, teen saalon se, kai dino se.

Example: They had been using the smartphone for two years.
(Ve do saal se smartphone ka upyog kar rahe the.)

Is Tense Ke Mul Niyam

Past Perfect Continuous Tense ke kuch mahatvapurna niyam hain jinhe dhyan mein rakhna chahiye:

1. Do Kriyaon Ka Samanvay: Is tense ka upyog hamesha ateet ki do kriyaon ke sandarbh mein hota hai. Ek kriya lambe samay tak jaari thi (Past Perfect Continuous) aur doosri usse pehle ya uske baad shuru hui aur samapt hui (Simple Past).
   • The students had been studying for an hour when the power went out.
     (Jab bijli chali gayi, tab chatra ek ghante se padh rahe the.)
2. Karya Ki Avadhi Par Zor: Yeh tense parinaam ki bajay kaarya ki avadhi aur uski nirantarata par vishesh zor deta hai.
   • The ground was muddy because it had been raining heavily.
     (Zameen keechad bhari thi kyunki bhari baarish ho rahi thi.) (Yahan, baarish ka kaarya jaari tha aur uske parinaam par zor hai.)
3. Non-Continuous Verbs: Kuch kriyaen (jaise: know, understand, like, hate, possess) continuous roop mein upyog nahi ki jaati hain, unke liye is tense ki bajay Past Perfect Tense ka upyog kiya jaata hai.

Tenses Mein Samanya Galatiyan Aur Sudhar

Angrezi seekhne wale akshar Tenses ka upyog karte samay kuch samanya galatiyan karte hain. In galatiyon ko samajhna aur sudharna Angrezi Vyakaran mein sudhar ke liye aavashyak hai.

Perfect Aur Perfect Continuous Tenses Mein Antar

Past Perfect Tense aur Past Perfect Continuous Tense ka antar bahut sookshm hota hai. Past Perfect (had + V3) kaarya ke poorn hone par zor deta hai. Jabki Past Perfect Continuous (had been + V1-ing) kaarya ki avadhi par aur uski nirantarata par zor deta hai.

Parinaam Par Zor (Past Perfect): I had read three chapters before the movie started. (Maine movie shuru hone se pehle teen chapter padh liye the – Parinaam.)

Avadhi Par Zor (Past Perfect Continuous): I had been reading for three hours before the movie started. (Main movie shuru hone se pehle teen ghante se padh raha tha – Avadhi.)

Sahayak Kriyaon Ka Galat Upyog

Ek aur samanya galti hai sahayak kriyaon (Helping Verbs) ko galat tarike se jodna. Udaharan ke liye, Simple Past Tense ke Nakaratmak vakya mein V2 ka upyog kar dena.

Galat: He did not went to the market.
Sahi: He did not go to the market. (Kyunki ‘did’ pehle hi ateet darsha chuka hai, kriya ka V1 roop aata hai.)

Samay Suchak Shabdon Ka Sahi Chunav

‘Since’ aur ‘For’ ke upyog mein aksar galti hoti hai. Yaad rakhein, ‘Since’ (point of time) aur ‘For’ (period of time). Yadi nirdharit shuruaati samay diya gaya hai, toh ‘since’ lagayein. Yadi kewal kul samay avadhi di gayi hai, toh ‘for’ lagayein.

Galat: I had been learning English since 5 years.
Sahi: I had been learning English for 5 years. (5 saal ek avadhi hai.)

Kriya Ka Roop Aur Vyakaran

Kriya ka roop (V1, V2, V3, V1-ing) hamesha Tense formula ke anusaar hona chahiye. Perfect Tenses mein hamesha V3 aur Continuous Tenses mein hamesha V1+ing ka prayog hota hai. Is niyam ka palan karke hi sahi tense formula ka upyog kiya ja sakta hai.

Ant mein, tense formula in hindi ko samjhane ka mukhya uddeshya yeh hai ki chhatraon ko yah spasht ho jaaye ki har Tense ki apni ek nischit rachna hoti hai. Angrezi bolne ya likhne mein prabhaavi hone ke liye in 12 sarnshnaon mein maharat haasil karna zaroori hai. Tenses samay ke teenon pahluon—vartmaan, ateet, aur bhavishya—ko sahajta se vyakt karne ki kshamta dete hain. Nirantar abhyas, udaharano aur Angrezi Vyakaran ke buniyadi niyam par dhyan kendrit karke, aap is chunauti ko aasani se paar kar sakte hain aur apne sanchaar kaushal ko sudhaar sakte hain.

Last Updated on 10/11/2025 by Emma Collins

Emma Collins

Hello there! I’m Emma Collins, your English instructor at Skilled English. Learning a new language doesn’t have to be stressful or confusing — and I’m here to prove it. With over 6 years of experience teaching English to beginners, my goal is to help you feel confident in speaking, writing, and understanding English step by step. Read more